From f5c4959c3ea2063d6f2f99157aabf7211c208100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mtzikara <tzitzima.ee@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2018 01:24:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Add files via upload

---
 serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.c            | 279 ++++++++++++
 serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.h            |  31 ++
 serial_csr/serial_gs_pagerank_functions.c | 506 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 816 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.c
 create mode 100644 serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.h
 create mode 100644 serial_csr/serial_gs_pagerank_functions.c

diff --git a/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.c b/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cacdf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#include "csr_sparse_matrix.h"
+
+
+CsrSparseMatrix initCsrSparseMatrix() {
+	CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix;
+	sparseMatrix.size = 0;   
+	sparseMatrix.nnz = 0;  	 
+	sparseMatrix.values = NULL;
+	sparseMatrix.columnIndexes = NULL;
+	sparseMatrix.rowaccInd = NULL;
+	return sparseMatrix;
+}
+
+void allocMemoryForElements (CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int size, int nnz) {
+	sparseMatrix->values = (double *) malloc(
+		nnz * sizeof(double));				
+	sparseMatrix->columnIndexes = (int *) malloc(
+		nnz * sizeof(int));
+	sparseMatrix->rowaccInd = (int *) malloc(
+		size * sizeof(int));
+	sparseMatrix->nnz = nnz;
+	sparseMatrix->size = size;
+}
+
+void addElements(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int *fileFromMatrix, int *fileToMatrix) {
+	printf("I am in add elements \n");
+	//initialize
+	for(int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i){
+		sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i] = 0;
+	}
+	for(int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->nnz; ++i){
+		sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[fileFromMatrix[i]]++;
+	}
+	for(int i=1; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i){
+		sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i]+=sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1];
+	}
+	printf("I am in add elements 2\n");
+	int k=0;
+	for(int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i){
+		for(int j = 0; j<sparseMatrix->nnz; ++j){
+			if(fileFromMatrix[j] == i){
+				do{
+					sparseMatrix->values[sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1]+k] = 1;
+					sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1]+k] = fileToMatrix[j];
+					++k;
+				}while(k<sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i]-sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1]);
+				k = 0;
+				j = sparseMatrix->nnz;
+			}
+			
+		}
+		
+		printf("I am in add elements %d\n", i);
+	}
+	printf("I finished add elements \n");
+}
+
+
+void zeroOutRow(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int row) {
+	int noofnnzinrow;
+	if(row==0){
+		noofnnzinrow = sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[row];
+	}
+	else{
+		noofnnzinrow = sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[row]-sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[row-1];
+	}
+	int startdeleteInd = sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[row-1]+1;
+	
+	//delete the values and columnindexes of these rows by moving up the rest
+	for(int i=0; i<noofnnzinrow; ++i){
+		sparseMatrix->values[i+startdeleteInd] = sparseMatrix->values[sparseMatrix->nnz-noofnnzinrow+i];
+		sparseMatrix->values[sparseMatrix->nnz-noofnnzinrow+i] = 0;
+		sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[i+startdeleteInd] = sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[sparseMatrix->nnz-noofnnzinrow+i];
+		sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[sparseMatrix->nnz-noofnnzinrow+i] = 0;
+	}
+	sparseMatrix->nnz = sparseMatrix->nnz - noofnnzinrow;
+	
+	//substract from accumulative no. of row nnz elements
+	for(int i=row; i<sparseMatrix->size ; ++i){
+		sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[i] -= noofnnzinrow;
+	}
+	
+	/*for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i) {
+		CooSparseMatrixElement *element = sparseMatrix->elements[i];
+		if (element->rowIndex == row) {
+			element->value = 0;
+		}
+	}*/
+}
+
+
+void zeroOutColumn(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int column) {
+	
+	/*for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i) {
+		CooSparseMatrixElement *element = sparseMatrix->elements[i];
+		if (element->columnIndex == column) {
+			element->value = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	*/
+	for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->nnz; ++i){
+		if(sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[i] == column){
+			//delete columns by moving up the rest
+			for(int j=i; j<sparseMatrix->nnz-1; ++j){
+				sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[j] = sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[j+1];
+				sparseMatrix->values[j] = sparseMatrix->values[j+1];
+			}
+			int flag = 0;
+			//adjust rowaccInd 
+			for(int j=0; j<sparseMatrix->size; ++j){
+				if(sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[j] > i){
+					flag = 1;        //must be substracted since column belonged to this row
+				}
+				if(flag){
+					--sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[j];  //substract till end of rows 
+				}
+			}
+			
+		}
+	}
+	
+}
+
+int *getRowIndexes(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix, int row, int *rowSize) { 
+	*rowSize = 0;
+	/*for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix.size; ++i) {
+		if (sparseMatrix.elements[i]->rowIndex == row) {
+			++(*rowSize);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!(*rowSize)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}*/
+	if((row-1)>0 && (sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row]-sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row-1])>0){
+		(*rowSize) = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row]-sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row-1];
+	}
+	else if((sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row]-sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row-1])>0){ //if row = 0
+		(*rowSize) = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row];
+	}
+	else{
+		return NULL;
+	}
+ 
+	int *indexes = (int *) malloc((*rowSize) * sizeof(int));
+	for (int i=1; i<=(*rowSize); ++i) {
+		
+		indexes[i-1] = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[row-1]+i;				
+		
+	}
+
+	return indexes;
+}
+
+void transposeSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix) {
+	/*for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i) {
+		CooSparseMatrixElement *element = sparseMatrix->elements[i];
+		int tempRow = element->rowIndex;
+		element->rowIndex = element->columnIndex;
+		element->columnIndex = tempRow;
+	}*/
+	double* values_t = (double *) malloc(
+		sparseMatrix->size * sizeof(double));
+	int* rowIndexes = (int *) malloc(
+		sparseMatrix->size * sizeof(int));
+	int* colaccInd = (int *) malloc(
+		sparseMatrix->size * sizeof(int));
+		
+	
+	
+	int columncount, nnznew = 0;
+	//for all columns
+	for(columncount = 0; columncount<sparseMatrix->size; ++columncount){
+		//index for searching in columnIndexes matrix
+		for(int i = 0; i<sparseMatrix->nnz;++i){
+			if(sparseMatrix->columnIndexes[i] == columncount){
+				//Find which row it belongs to
+				for(int j=0; j<sparseMatrix->size; ++j){
+					if(sparseMatrix->rowaccInd[j] == i){
+						rowIndexes[nnznew] = j-1;
+						values_t[nnznew] = sparseMatrix->values[i];
+						for(int k=i; k<sparseMatrix->size; ++k){
+							++colaccInd[k];
+						}
+						++nnznew;
+					}
+				}
+				
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	memcpy(sparseMatrix->values, values_t, sparseMatrix->size*sizeof(double));
+	memcpy(sparseMatrix->columnIndexes, rowIndexes, sparseMatrix->size*sizeof(int));
+	memcpy(sparseMatrix->rowaccInd, colaccInd, sparseMatrix->size*sizeof(int) );
+	sparseMatrix->nnz = nnznew;
+}
+
+void csrSparseMatrixVectorMultiplication(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix,
+	double *vector, double **product, int vectorSize) {
+	// Initializes the elements of the product vector to zero
+	for (int i=0; i<vectorSize; ++i) {
+		(*product)[i] = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*CooSparseMatrixElement *element;
+	for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix.size; ++i) {
+		element = sparseMatrix.elements[i];
+		int row = element->rowIndex, column = element->columnIndex;
+
+		if (row >= vectorSize) {
+			printf("Error at sparseMatrixVectorMultiplication. Matrix has more rows than vector!\n");
+			printf("row = %d\n", row);
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		(*product)[row] = (*product)[row] + element->value * vector[column];
+	}*/
+	int t;
+	//for every row
+	for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix.size; ++i) {
+		if(i==0){
+			t = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[0];
+		}
+		else{
+			t = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]-sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i-1];
+		}
+		for(int j=0; j<t; ++j){
+			for(int k=0; k<vectorSize; ++k){
+				if(sparseMatrix.columnIndexes[sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]+t]==k){
+					(*product)[k] += sparseMatrix.values[sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]+t]*vector[k];
+				}
+				else if(sparseMatrix.columnIndexes[sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]+t]>k){
+					printf("Error at sparseMatrixVectorMultiplication. Matrix has more columns than vector rows!\n");
+					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+				}
+			}
+			
+		}
+	}
+	
+	
+}
+
+void destroyCsrSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix) {
+	/*for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix->size; ++i) {
+		free(sparseMatrix->elements[i]);
+	}*/
+	free(sparseMatrix->values);
+	free(sparseMatrix->rowaccInd);
+	free(sparseMatrix->columnIndexes);
+ 
+}
+
+void printCsrSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix) {
+	if (sparseMatrix.size == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+	/*
+	CooSparseMatrixElement *element;
+	for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix.size; ++i) {
+		element = sparseMatrix.elements[i];
+		printf("[%d,%d] = %f\n", element->rowIndex, element->columnIndex,
+			element->value);
+	}*/
+	int t;
+	for (int i=0; i<sparseMatrix.size; ++i){
+		if(i==0){
+			t = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i];
+		}
+		else{
+			t = sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]-sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i-1];
+		}
+		for(int j=0; j<t ; ++j){
+			printf("Row [%d] has [%d] nz elements: \n at column[%d] is value = %f \n",
+				i, t, sparseMatrix.columnIndexes[sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]+j], sparseMatrix.values[sparseMatrix.rowaccInd[i]+j]);
+		}
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.h b/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb8b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/serial_csr/csr_sparse_matrix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef CSR_SPARSE_MATRIX_H	/* Include guard */
+#define CSR_SPARSE_MATRIX_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+typedef struct csrSparseMatrix {
+	double* values;
+	int* rowaccInd;   				//without the first cell, always 0
+	int* columnIndexes;
+	int size;						//no. of rows
+	int nnz;						//no. of non zero elements
+
+} CsrSparseMatrix;
+
+CsrSparseMatrix initCsrSparseMatrix();
+void allocMemoryForElements (CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int size, int nnz);
+void addElements(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int *fileFromMatrix, int *FileToMatrix);
+void zeroOutRow(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int row);
+void zeroOutColumn(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix, int column);
+int *getRowIndexes(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix, int row, int *rowSize);
+void transposeSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix);
+void csrSparseMatrixVectorMultiplication(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix, double *vector,
+	double **product, int vectorSize);
+void destroyCsrSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix *sparseMatrix);
+void printCsrSparseMatrix(CsrSparseMatrix sparseMatrix);
+
+#endif	// CSR_SPARSE_MATRIX_H
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/serial_csr/serial_gs_pagerank_functions.c b/serial_csr/serial_gs_pagerank_functions.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cac91b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/serial_csr/serial_gs_pagerank_functions.c
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+/* ===== INCLUDES ===== */
+
+#include "serial_gs_pagerank_functions.h"
+
+/* ===== CONSTANTS ===== */
+
+const char *ARGUMENT_CONVERGENCE_TOLERANCE = "-c";
+const char *ARGUMENT_MAX_ITERATIONS = "-m";
+const char *ARGUMENT_DAMPING_FACTOR = "-a";
+const char *ARGUMENT_VERBAL_OUTPUT = "-v";
+const char *ARGUMENT_OUTPUT_HISTORY = "-h";
+const char *ARGUMENT_OUTPUT_FILENAME = "-o";
+
+const int NUMERICAL_BASE = 10;
+char *DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILENAME = "pagerank_output";
+const int FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+
+const int CONVERGENCE_CHECK_ITERATION_PERIOD = 3;
+const int SPARSITY_INCREASE_ITERATION_PERIOD = 9;
+
+/* ===== FUNCTIONS ===== */
+
+int pagerank(CsrSparseMatrix *transitionMatrix, double **pagerankVector,
+	bool *convergenceStatus, Parameters parameters) {
+	// Variables declaration
+	int iterations = 0, numberOfPages = parameters.numberOfPages;
+	double delta, *pagerankDifference, *previousPagerankVector,
+	*convergedPagerankVector, *linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector;
+	LilSparseMatrix linksFromConvergedPages = createLilSparseMatrix();
+	bool *convergenceMatrix;
+
+	// Space allocation
+	{
+		size_t sizeofDouble = sizeof(double);
+		// pagerankDifference used to calculate delta
+		pagerankDifference = (double *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeofDouble);
+		// previousPagerankVector holds last iteration's pagerank vector
+		previousPagerankVector = (double *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeofDouble);
+		// convergedPagerankVector is the pagerank vector of converged pages only
+		convergedPagerankVector = (double *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeofDouble);
+		// linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector holds the partial sum of the
+		// pagerank vector, that describes effect of the links from converged
+		// pages to non converged pages
+		linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector = (double *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeofDouble);
+		// convergenceMatrix indicates which pages have converged
+		convergenceMatrix = (bool *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeof(bool));
+		*convergenceStatus = false;
+
+		// Initialization
+		for (int i=0; i<numberOfPages; ++i) {
+			convergedPagerankVector[i] = 0;
+			convergenceMatrix[i] = false;
+			linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector[i] = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (parameters.verbose) {
+		printf(ANSI_COLOR_YELLOW "\n----- Starting iterations -----\n" ANSI_COLOR_RESET);
+	}
+
+	do {
+		// Stores previous pagerank vector
+		memcpy(previousPagerankVector, *pagerankVector, numberOfPages * sizeof(double));
+
+		// Calculates new pagerank vector
+		calculateNextPagerank(transitionMatrix, previousPagerankVector,
+			pagerankVector, linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector,
+			convergedPagerankVector, numberOfPages,
+			parameters.dampingFactor);
+
+		if (parameters.history) {
+			// Outputs pagerank vector to file
+			savePagerankToFile(parameters.outputFilename, iterations != 0,
+				*pagerankVector, numberOfPages);
+		}
+
+		// Periodically checks for convergence
+		if (!(iterations % CONVERGENCE_CHECK_ITERATION_PERIOD)) {
+			// Builds pagerank vectors difference
+			for (int i=0; i<numberOfPages; ++i) {
+				pagerankDifference[i] = (*pagerankVector)[i] - previousPagerankVector[i];
+			}
+			// Calculates convergence
+			delta = vectorNorm(pagerankDifference, numberOfPages);
+
+			if (delta < parameters.convergenceCriterion) {
+				// Converged
+				*convergenceStatus = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Periodically increases sparsity
+		if (iterations && !(iterations % SPARSITY_INCREASE_ITERATION_PERIOD)) {
+			bool *newlyConvergedPages = (bool *) malloc(numberOfPages * sizeof(bool));
+			// Checks each individual page for convergence
+			for (int i=0; i<numberOfPages; ++i) {
+				double difference = fabs((*pagerankVector)[i] -
+					previousPagerankVector[i]) / fabs(previousPagerankVector[i]);
+
+				newlyConvergedPages[i] = false;
+				if (!convergenceMatrix[i] && difference < parameters.convergenceCriterion){
+					// Page converged
+					newlyConvergedPages[i] = true;
+					convergenceMatrix[i] = true;
+					convergedPagerankVector[i] = (*pagerankVector)[i];
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (int i=0; i<numberOfPages; ++i) {
+				if (newlyConvergedPages[i] == true) {
+					int rowSize;
+					int *rowIndexes = getRowIndexes(*transitionMatrix, i, &rowSize);
+					for (int j=0; j<rowSize; ++j){
+						/*CooSparseMatrixElement *element = transitionMatrix->elements[rowIndexes[j]];
+						// Checks for links from converged pages to non converged
+						int pageLinksTo = element->columnIndex;
+						if (convergenceMatrix[pageLinksTo] == false){
+							// Link exists, adds element to the vector
+							apendElement(&linksFromConvergedPages,
+								element->value, i, pageLinksTo);
+						}*/
+						int pageLinksTo = transitionMatrix->columnIndexes[rowIndexes[j]];
+						if (convergenceMatrix[pageLinksTo] == false){
+							// Link exists, adds element to the vector
+							apendElement(&linksFromConvergedPages,
+								transitionMatrix->values[rowIndexes[j]], i, pageLinksTo);
+						}
+						
+					}
+
+					// Increases sparsity of the transition matrix by
+					// deleting elements that correspond to converged pages
+					zeroOutRow(transitionMatrix, i);
+					zeroOutColumn(transitionMatrix, i);
+
+					// Builds the new linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector
+					lilSparseMatrixVectorMultiplication(linksFromConvergedPages,
+						*pagerankVector, &linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector,
+						numberOfPages);
+				}
+			}
+			free(newlyConvergedPages);
+		}
+
+		++iterations;
+		// Outputs information about this iteration
+		if (iterations%2) {
+			printf(ANSI_COLOR_BLUE "Iteration %d: delta = %f\n" ANSI_COLOR_RESET, iterations, delta);
+		} else {
+			printf(ANSI_COLOR_CYAN "Iteration %d: delta = %f\n" ANSI_COLOR_RESET, iterations, delta);
+		}
+	} while (!*convergenceStatus && (parameters.maxIterations == 0 ||
+		iterations < parameters.maxIterations));
+
+	if (!parameters.history) {
+		// Outputs last pagerank vector to file
+		savePagerankToFile(parameters.outputFilename, false, *pagerankVector, numberOfPages);
+	}
+
+	// Frees memory
+	free(pagerankDifference);
+	free(previousPagerankVector);
+	free(convergedPagerankVector);
+	free(linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector);
+	free(convergenceMatrix);
+	destroyLilSparseMatrix(&linksFromConvergedPages);
+
+	return iterations;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize allocates required memory for arrays, reads the web graph from the
+ * from the file and creates the initial transition probability distribution
+ * matrix.
+*/
+void initialize(CsrSparseMatrix *transitionMatrix,
+	double **pagerankVector, Parameters *parameters) {
+
+	// Reads web graph from file
+	if ((*parameters).verbose) {
+		printf(ANSI_COLOR_YELLOW "----- Reading graph from file -----\n" ANSI_COLOR_RESET);
+	}
+	generateNormalizedTransitionMatrixFromFile(transitionMatrix, parameters);
+
+	// Outputs the algorithm parameters to the console
+	if ((*parameters).verbose) {
+		printf(ANSI_COLOR_YELLOW "\n----- Running with parameters -----\n" ANSI_COLOR_RESET\
+			"Number of pages: %d", (*parameters).numberOfPages);
+		if (!(*parameters).maxIterations) {
+			printf("\nMaximum number of iterations: inf");
+		} else {
+			printf("\nMaximum number of iterations: %d", (*parameters).maxIterations);
+		}
+		printf("\nConvergence criterion: %f" \
+			"\nDamping factor: %f" \
+			"\nGraph filename: %s\n", (*parameters).convergenceCriterion,
+			(*parameters).dampingFactor, (*parameters).graphFilename);
+	}
+
+	// Allocates memory for the pagerank vector
+	(*pagerankVector) = (double *) malloc((*parameters).numberOfPages * sizeof(double));
+	double webUniformProbability = 1. / (*parameters).numberOfPages;
+	for (int i=0; i<(*parameters).numberOfPages; ++i) {
+		(*pagerankVector)[i] = webUniformProbability;
+	}
+
+	// Transposes the transition matrix (P^T).
+	transposeSparseMatrix(transitionMatrix);
+}
+
+// ==================== MATH UTILS ====================
+
+/*
+ * calculateNextPagerank calculates the product of the multiplication
+ * between a matrix and the a vector in a cheap way.
+*/
+void calculateNextPagerank(CsrSparseMatrix *transitionMatrix,
+	double *previousPagerankVector, double **pagerankVector,
+	double *linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector,
+	double *convergedPagerankVector, int vectorSize, double dampingFactor) {
+	// Calculates the web uniform probability once.
+	double webUniformProbability = 1. / vectorSize;
+
+	csrSparseMatrixVectorMultiplication(*transitionMatrix, previousPagerankVector,
+		pagerankVector, vectorSize);
+
+	for (int i=0; i<vectorSize; ++i) {
+		(*pagerankVector)[i] = dampingFactor * (*pagerankVector)[i];
+	}
+
+	double normDifference = vectorNorm(previousPagerankVector, vectorSize) -
+	vectorNorm(*pagerankVector, vectorSize);
+
+	for (int i=0; i<vectorSize; ++i) {
+		(*pagerankVector)[i] += normDifference * webUniformProbability +
+		linksFromConvergedPagesPagerankVector[i] + convergedPagerankVector[i];
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * vectorNorm calculates the first norm of a vector.
+*/
+double vectorNorm(double *vector, int vectorSize) {
+	double norm = 0.;
+
+	for (int i=0; i<vectorSize; ++i) {
+		norm += fabs(vector[i]);
+	}
+
+	return norm;
+}
+
+// ==================== PROGRAM INPUT AND OUTPUT UTILS ====================
+
+/*
+ * parseArguments parses the command line arguments given by the user.
+*/
+void parseArguments(int argumentCount, char **argumentVector, Parameters *parameters) {
+	if (argumentCount < 2 || argumentCount > 10) {
+		validUsage(argumentVector[0]);
+	}
+
+	(*parameters).numberOfPages = 0;
+	(*parameters).maxIterations = 0;
+	(*parameters).convergenceCriterion = 1;
+	(*parameters).dampingFactor = 0.85;
+	(*parameters).verbose = false;
+	(*parameters).history = false;
+	(*parameters).outputFilename = DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILENAME;
+
+	char *endPointer;
+	int argumentIndex = 1;
+
+	while (argumentIndex < argumentCount) {
+		if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_CONVERGENCE_TOLERANCE)) {
+			argumentIndex = checkIncrement(argumentIndex, argumentCount, argumentVector[0]);
+
+			double convergenceInput = strtod(argumentVector[argumentIndex], &endPointer);
+			if (convergenceInput == 0) {
+				printf("Invalid convergence argument\n");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			(*parameters).convergenceCriterion = convergenceInput;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_MAX_ITERATIONS)) {
+			argumentIndex = checkIncrement(argumentIndex, argumentCount, argumentVector[0]);
+
+			size_t iterationsInput = strtol(argumentVector[argumentIndex], &endPointer, NUMERICAL_BASE);
+			if (iterationsInput == 0 && endPointer) {
+				printf("Invalid iterations argument\n");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			(*parameters).maxIterations = iterationsInput;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_DAMPING_FACTOR)) {
+			argumentIndex = checkIncrement(argumentIndex, argumentCount, argumentVector[0]);
+
+			double alphaInput = strtod(argumentVector[argumentIndex], &endPointer);
+			if ((alphaInput == 0 || alphaInput > 1) && endPointer) {
+				printf("Invalid alpha argument\n");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+			}
+			(*parameters).dampingFactor = alphaInput;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_VERBAL_OUTPUT)) {
+			(*parameters).verbose = true;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_OUTPUT_HISTORY)) {
+			(*parameters).history = true;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argumentVector[argumentIndex], ARGUMENT_OUTPUT_FILENAME)) {
+			argumentIndex = checkIncrement(argumentIndex, argumentCount, argumentVector[0]);
+
+			if (fopen(argumentVector[argumentIndex], "w") == NULL) {
+				printf("Invalid output filename. Reverting to default.\n");
+				continue;
+			}
+			(*parameters).outputFilename = argumentVector[argumentIndex];
+		} else if (argumentIndex == argumentCount - 1) {
+			(*parameters).graphFilename = argumentVector[argumentIndex];
+		} else {
+			validUsage(argumentVector[0]);
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		++argumentIndex;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * readGraphFromFile loads the file supplied in the command line arguments to an
+ * array (directedWebGraph) that represents the graph.
+*/
+void generateNormalizedTransitionMatrixFromFile(CsrSparseMatrix *transitionMatrix,
+	Parameters *parameters){
+	FILE *graphFile;
+
+	// Opens the file for reading
+	graphFile = fopen((*parameters).graphFilename, "r+");
+	if (!graphFile) {
+		printf("Error opening file \n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	char buffer[FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE];
+	char *readResult;
+	// Skips the first two lines
+	readResult = fgets(buffer, FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, graphFile);
+	readResult = fgets(buffer, FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, graphFile);
+	if (readResult == NULL) {
+		printf("Error while reading from the file. Does the file have the correct format?\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Third line contains the numbers of nodes and edges
+	int numberOfNodes = 0, numberOfEdges = 0;
+
+	readResult = fgets(buffer, FILE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, graphFile);
+	if (readResult == NULL) {
+		printf("Error while reading from the file. Does the file have the correct format?\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Parses the number of nodes and number of edges
+	{
+		// Splits string to whitespace
+		char *token = strtok(buffer, " ");
+		bool nextIsNodes = false, nextIsEdges = false;
+
+		while (token != NULL) {
+			if (strcmp(token, "Nodes:") == 0) {
+				nextIsNodes = true;
+			} else if (nextIsNodes) {
+				numberOfNodes = atoi(token);
+				nextIsNodes = false;
+			} else if (strcmp(token, "Edges:") == 0) {
+				nextIsEdges = true;
+			} else if (nextIsEdges) {
+				numberOfEdges = atoi(token);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// Gets next string token
+			token = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((*parameters).verbose) {
+		printf("File claims number of pages is: %d\nThe number of edges is: %d\n",
+			numberOfNodes, numberOfEdges);
+	}
+
+	// Skips the fourth line
+	readResult = fgets(buffer, 512, graphFile);
+	if (readResult == NULL) {
+		printf("Error while reading from the file. Does the file have the correct format?\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	
+	int tenPercentIncrements = (int) numberOfEdges/10;  
+	int maxPageIndex = 0;
+	int* fileToMatrix = malloc(numberOfEdges*sizeof(int));
+	int* fileFromMatrix = malloc(numberOfEdges*sizeof(int));
+	for (int i=0; i<numberOfEdges; i++) {
+		if (((*parameters).verbose) && (tenPercentIncrements != 0) && ((i % tenPercentIncrements) == 0)) {
+			int percentage = (i/tenPercentIncrements)*10;
+			printf("%d%% • ", percentage);
+		}
+
+		int fileFrom = 0, fileTo = 0;
+		if (!fscanf(graphFile, "%d %d", &fileFrom, &fileTo)) {
+			break;
+		}
+		fileFromMatrix[i] = fileFrom;
+		fileToMatrix[i] = fileTo;
+		if (fileFrom > maxPageIndex) {
+			maxPageIndex = fileFrom;
+		}
+		if (fileTo > maxPageIndex) {
+			maxPageIndex = fileTo;
+		}
+		//addElement(transitionMatrix, 1, fileFrom, fileTo);
+		
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+	if ((*parameters).verbose) {
+		printf("Max page index found is: %d\n", maxPageIndex);
+	}
+	(*parameters).numberOfPages = maxPageIndex + 1;
+
+	
+	allocMemoryForElements(transitionMatrix, (*parameters).numberOfPages, numberOfEdges);
+	addElements(transitionMatrix, fileFromMatrix, fileToMatrix);
+	// Calculates the outdegree of each page and assigns the uniform probability
+	// of transition to the elements of the corresponding row
+	
+	int pageOutdegree = 1;
+
+	
+	for(int i=0; i<transitionMatrix->size; ++i){
+		if(i==0){
+			pageOutdegree+=transitionMatrix->rowaccInd[i];
+		}
+		else{
+			pageOutdegree+=transitionMatrix->rowaccInd[i]-transitionMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1];
+		}
+		
+		
+		double pageUniformProbability = 1. / pageOutdegree;
+		int k = transitionMatrix->rowaccInd[i-1]+1;
+		for (int j = k; j<k+pageOutdegree ; ++j){ //gia auta ta rows
+			transitionMatrix->values[j] = pageUniformProbability; 
+		}
+		pageOutdegree = 1;
+		
+	}
+
+	fclose(graphFile);
+}
+
+/*
+ * validUsage outputs a message to the console that informs the user of the
+ * correct (valid) way to use the program.
+*/
+void validUsage(char *programName) {
+	printf("%s [-c convergence_criterion] [-m max_iterations] [-a alpha] [-v] [-h] [-o output_filename] <graph_file>" \
+		"\n-c convergence_criterion" \
+		"\n\tthe convergence tolerance criterion" \
+		"\n-m max_iterations" \
+		"\n\tmaximum number of iterations to perform" \
+		"\n-a alpha" \
+		"\n\tthe damping factor" \
+		"\n-v enable verbal output" \
+		"\n-h enable history output to file" \
+		"\n-o output_filename" \
+		"\n\tfilename and path for the output" \
+		"\n", programName);
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * checkIncrement is a helper function for parseArguments function.
+*/
+int checkIncrement(int previousIndex, int maxIndex, char *programName) {
+	if (previousIndex == maxIndex) {
+		validUsage(programName);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+	return ++previousIndex;
+}
+
+void savePagerankToFile(char *filename, bool append, double *pagerankVector, int vectorSize) {
+	FILE *outputFile;
+
+	if (append) {
+		outputFile = fopen(filename, "a");
+	} else {
+		outputFile = fopen(filename, "w");
+	}
+
+	if (outputFile == NULL) {
+		printf("Error while opening the output file.\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (int i=0; i<vectorSize; ++i) {
+		fprintf(outputFile, "%f ", pagerankVector[i]);
+	}
+	fprintf(outputFile, "\n");
+
+	fclose(outputFile);
+}
\ No newline at end of file