authRTESFinalAssignment/lib/helpers.c

#include "helpers.h"

/*
 * Function based on this example:
 * http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getifaddrs.3.html#EXAMPLE
*/
int get_own_id(void) {
	int id = -1;
	struct ifaddrs *ifaddr, *ifa;
	int family, s, n;
	char host[NI_MAXHOST];

	if (getifaddrs(&ifaddr) == -1) {
		perror("Couldn't get network interfaces.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Walks through linked list, maintaining head pointer so we can free list later
	for (ifa = ifaddr, n = 0; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next, n++) {
		if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL) {
			continue;
		}

		family = ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family;

		// Gets the address of an AF_INET* interface address
		if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6) {
			s = getnameinfo(ifa->ifa_addr,
				(family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) : sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6),
				host, NI_MAXHOST, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
			if (s != 0) {
				printf("getnameinfo() failed: %s\n", gai_strerror(s));
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}

			id = extract_id_from_ip(host);
			if (id < 0) {
				continue;
			}

			break;
		}
	}

	freeifaddrs(ifaddr);

	return(id);
}

int extract_id_from_ip(const char *ip) {
	const char separator[2] = ".";
	int id = 0;
	char *rest, *token, *ip_cp;

	ip_cp = malloc(strlen(ip) * sizeof(char));
	strcpy(ip_cp, ip);

	rest = ip_cp;
	token = strtok_r(rest, separator, &rest);
	if (!token || atoi(token) != 10) {
		return -1;
	}

	token = strtok_r(rest, separator, &rest);
	if (!token || atoi(token) != 0) {
		return -1;
	}

	token = strtok_r(rest, separator, &rest);
	if (!token) {
		return -1;
	}
	id = atoi(token) * 100;

	token = strtok_r(rest, separator, &rest);
	if (!token) {
		return -1;
	}
	id += atoi(token);

	return id;
}

void set_timer_and_handler(void (*handler)(int), long int timer_interval) {
	struct itimerval interval_timer;
	struct sigaction signal_action;

	// Installs handler as the signal handler for SIGALRM
	memset(&signal_action, 0, sizeof(signal_action));
	signal_action.sa_handler = handler;
	if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &signal_action, NULL)) {
		perror("Couldn't install function handler for SIGALRM signals.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Sets an interval timer to deliver a SIGALRM signal every timer_interval seconds
	interval_timer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
	interval_timer.it_interval.tv_sec = timer_interval;
	interval_timer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
	interval_timer.it_value.tv_sec = timer_interval;

	if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &interval_timer, NULL) == -1) {
		perror("Couldn't set timer.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

void enable_echo_broadcast(void) {
	if (system("echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts") < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't allow echo broadcasts.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

/*
 * Function based on this snippet:
 * https://codereview.stackexchange.com/a/58107
*/
void search_for_neighbors(node_handle_t **neighbors, uint16_t *num_neighbors, uint16_t port) {
	// Broadcasts ping
	if (system("ping -b 10.255.255.255 -c 3 > /dev/null") < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't broadcast echo.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Reads the ARP file checking for connected devices
	FILE *arpCache = fopen(ARP_CACHE, "r");
	if (!arpCache) {
		perror("ARP Cache: Failed to open file \"" ARP_CACHE "\"");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Ignores the first line, which contains the header
	char header[ARP_BUFFER_LEN];
	if (!fgets(header, sizeof(header), arpCache)) {
		perror("Couldn't read ARP file header.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Extracts IP addresses found in the file
	char ipAddr[ARP_BUFFER_LEN];
	char **neighbors_ips = (char **) malloc(sizeof(char *));
	if (!neighbors_ips) {
		perror("Unable to allocate memory for neighbor IP.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	int count = 0;
	while (1 == fscanf(arpCache, ARP_LINE_FORMAT, ipAddr)) {
		++count;
		if (count > 1) {
			char **r_neighbors_ips = realloc(neighbors_ips, count * sizeof(char *));
			if (!r_neighbors_ips) {
				free(r_neighbors_ips);
				perror("Unable to reallocate memory for neighbor IP.");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}

			neighbors_ips = r_neighbors_ips;
		}

		neighbors_ips[count - 1] = (char *) malloc(ARP_BUFFER_LEN * sizeof(char));
		strcpy(neighbors_ips[count - 1], ipAddr);
	}

	// Allocates memory for the new neighbors structs
	if (!(*num_neighbors)) {
		// Neighbors array came empty
		(*neighbors) = (node_handle_t *) malloc(count * sizeof(node_handle_t));
		if (!neighbors_ips) {
			perror("Unable to allocate memory for nodes.");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	} else {
		node_handle_t *r_neighbors = realloc((*neighbors), count * sizeof(node_handle_t));
		if (!r_neighbors) {
			free(r_neighbors);
			perror("Unable to reallocate memory for nodes.");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		(*neighbors) = r_neighbors;
	}

	// Adds new event timestamps to neighbors structs
	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		bool found_flag = false;

		for (uint8_t j = 0; j < (*num_neighbors); ++j) {
			if (!strcmp(inet_ntoa(node_get_addr((*neighbors)[j]).sin_addr),
				neighbors_ips[i])) {
				bool node_alive = check_node_alive(neighbors_ips[i]);
				node_add_timestamp((*neighbors)[i], time(NULL), node_alive);

				found_flag = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!found_flag) {
			// New node found!
			printf("Adding %s\n", neighbors_ips[i]);
			struct sockaddr_in peer_name;
			init_sockaddr(&peer_name, neighbors_ips[i], port);
			(*neighbors)[(*num_neighbors)++] = node_init(peer_name);
		}
	}

	if (!((*num_neighbors) == count)) {
		(*num_neighbors) = count;
	}

	fclose(arpCache);
}

void create_message(node_handle_t *neighbors, char *new_message, int own_id,
	uint8_t num_neighbors, uint16_t max_message_length) {
	node_handle_t random_node = neighbors[rand() % (num_neighbors)];

	int peer_id = extract_id_from_ip(inet_ntoa((node_get_addr(random_node)).sin_addr));
	if (peer_id < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't extract own ID.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	snprintf(new_message, max_message_length, "%04d_%04d_%ld_%s", own_id, peer_id, time(NULL),
		"It's amazing... It's fantastic!");
}

bool check_node_alive(const char *ipv4) {
	char command[64];

	snprintf(command, 64, "ping %s -c 1 -W 1 | grep \"1 received\" > /dev/null", ipv4);

	int call_res = system(command);
	if (call_res < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't ping node.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	return call_res == 0;
}

/*
 * Function based on this example:
 * https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Inet-Example.html#Inet-Example
*/
int create_socket_and_listen(uint16_t port, uint8_t backlog_size) {
	int in_sock;
	struct sockaddr_in own_name;

	// Creates the socket
	in_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (in_sock < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't create the socket.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Gives the socket a name
	own_name.sin_family = AF_INET;
	own_name.sin_port = htons(port);
	own_name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

	// Binds own address structure to socket
	if (bind(in_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &own_name, sizeof(own_name)) < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't bind the address structure to the socket.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (listen(in_sock, backlog_size) < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't listen for connections on the socket.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	return in_sock;
}

void send_message(struct sockaddr_in peer_name, const char *message) {
	int out_sock;

	// Creates the socket
	out_sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (out_sock < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't create the socket.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// Connects to the peer
	if (connect(out_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &peer_name, sizeof(peer_name))) {
		printf("Couldn't connect to the peer.\n");
	} else {
		// Sends data to the peer
		write_to_peer(out_sock, message);
	}

	close(out_sock);
}

void accept_connection(int sock, struct sockaddr_in *peer_name, fd_set *active_fd_set) {
	size_t peer_name_size = sizeof((*peer_name));
	int comm_socket = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) peer_name, &peer_name_size);
	if (comm_socket < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't accept the connection.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "Connected to host %s, port %hd.\n",
		inet_ntoa((*peer_name).sin_addr), ntohs((*peer_name).sin_port));
	FD_SET(comm_socket, active_fd_set);
}

void write_to_peer(int file_desc, const char *message) {
	int num_bytes = write(file_desc, message, strlen(message) + 1);
	if (num_bytes < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't write to peer.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

int read_from_peer(int file_des, uint16_t max_line) {
	char buffer[max_line];
	int num_bytes;

	num_bytes = read(file_des, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
	if (num_bytes < 0) {
		perror("Couldn't read from peer.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} else if (num_bytes == 0)
		// End-of-file
		return -1;
	else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Got message: `%s'\n", buffer);
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 * Function based on this example:
 * https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Inet-Example.html#Inet-Example
*/
void init_sockaddr(struct sockaddr_in *peer_name, const char *ipv4, uint16_t port) {
	struct hostent *hostinfo;

	peer_name->sin_family = AF_INET;
	peer_name->sin_port = htons(port);
	hostinfo = gethostbyname(ipv4);
	if (hostinfo == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown host %s.\n", ipv4);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	peer_name->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *) hostinfo->h_addr_list[0];
}