Don't store Orbit Data in contract, fixes, up libs

app/package.json

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
     "connected-react-router": "6.4.0",
     "drizzle": "1.4.0",
     "history": "4.9.0",
-    "ipfs": "github:ipfs/js-ipfs#e849dbcab4a313f7ffc1532a389097ee76344067",
+    "ipfs": "0.35.0",
     "lodash.isequal": "4.5.0",
-    "orbit-db": "0.19.9",
+    "orbit-db": "0.21.0-rc.1",
-    "orbit-db-keystore": "0.1.0",
+    "orbit-db-keystore": "0.2.1",
+    "orbit-db-identity-provider": "0.1.0",
     "prop-types": "15.7.2",
     "react": "16.8.6",
     "react-content-loader": "4.2.1",
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@
     "redux-saga": "0.16.2",
     "semantic-ui-react": "0.87.1",
     "uuid": "3.3.2",
-    "web3": "1.0.0-beta.54"
+    "web3": "1.0.0-beta.55"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "libp2p-websocket-star-rendezvous": "0.3.0"

app/src/containers/LoadingContainer.js

@@ -10,16 +10,15 @@ class LoadingContainer extends Component {
   render() {
     if (this.props.web3.status === 'failed' || !this.props.web3.networkId) {
       return (
-        <main className="container loading-screen">
+        <main className="loading-screen">
           <div className="pure-g">
             <div className="pure-u-1-1">
               <img src={ethereum_logo} alt="ethereum_logo" className="loading-img"/>
               <p><strong>This browser has no connection to the Ethereum network.</strong></p>
               Please make sure that:
               <ul>
-                <li>You use MetaMask or a dedicated Ethereum browser</li>
+                <li>MetaMask is unlocked and pointed to the correct network</li>
-                <li>They are pointed to the correct network</li>
+                <li>The app has been granted the right to connect to your account</li>
-                <li>Your account is unlocked and the app has the rights to access it</li>
               </ul>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -33,7 +32,8 @@ class LoadingContainer extends Component {
           <div>
             <div>
               <img src={ethereum_logo} alt="ethereum_logo" className="loading-img"/>
-              <p><strong>We can't find any Ethereum accounts!</strong>.</p>
+              <p><strong>We can't find any Ethereum accounts!</strong></p>
+              <p>Please make sure that MetaMask is unlocked.</p>
             </div>
           </div>
         </main>
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ class LoadingContainer extends Component {
             <div>
               <img src={orbitdb_logo} alt="orbitdb_logo" className="loading-img"/>
               <p><strong>Preparing OrbitDB...</strong></p>
+              <p>Please sign the transaction in MetaMask to create the databases.</p>
             </div>
           </div>
         </main>
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ class LoadingContainer extends Component {
       return Children.only(this.props.children);
 
     return(
-      <main className="container loading-screen">
+      <main className="loading-screen">
         <div>
           <div>
             <img src={logo} alt="app_logo" className="loading-img"/>

app/src/containers/PostList.js

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { drizzle } from '../index';
 
 import Post from './Post';
 import PlaceholderContainer from './PlaceholderContainer';
+import { determineDBAddress } from '../utils/orbitUtils';
 
 const contract = 'Forum';
 const getPostMethod = 'getPost';
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ class PostList extends Component {
     this.getBlockchainData = this.getBlockchainData.bind(this);
 
     this.state = {
-      dataKeys: []
+      dataKeys: [],
+      dbAddresses: []
     };
   }
 
@@ -29,20 +31,31 @@ class PostList extends Component {
   }
 
   getBlockchainData() {
-    const { dataKeys } = this.state;
+    const { dataKeys, dbAddresses } = this.state;
-    const { drizzleStatus, postIDs } = this.props;
+    const { drizzleStatus, postIDs, contracts } = this.props;
 
     if (drizzleStatus.initialized) {
       const dataKeysShallowCopy = dataKeys.slice();
       let fetchingNewData = false;
 
-      postIDs.forEach((postID) => {
+      postIDs.forEach(async (postID) => {
         if (!dataKeys[postID]) {
           dataKeysShallowCopy[postID] = drizzle.contracts[contract].methods[getPostMethod].cacheCall(
-            postID,
+            postID
           );
           fetchingNewData = true;
         }
+        else if (!dbAddresses[postID]){
+          const fetchedPostData = contracts[contract][getPostMethod][dataKeys[postID]];
+          if(fetchedPostData) {
+            const dbAddress = await determineDBAddress('posts', fetchedPostData.value[0]);
+            const dbAddressesShallowCopy = dbAddresses.slice();
+            dbAddressesShallowCopy[postID] = dbAddress;
+            this.setState({
+              dbAddresses: dbAddressesShallowCopy
+            });
+          }
+        }
       });
 
       if (fetchingNewData) {
@@ -54,7 +67,7 @@ class PostList extends Component {
   }
 
   render() {
-    const { dataKeys } = this.state;
+    const { dataKeys, dbAddresses } = this.state;
     const { postIDs, contracts, focusOnPost, recentToTheTop } = this.props;
 
     const posts = postIDs.map((postID, index) => {
@@ -62,13 +75,16 @@ class PostList extends Component {
       if(dataKeys[postID])
         fetchedPostData = contracts[contract][getPostMethod][dataKeys[postID]];
 
-      if(fetchedPostData) {
+      const dbAddress = dbAddresses[postID];
+      if(fetchedPostData && dbAddress) {
+        const userAddress = fetchedPostData.value[0]; //Also works as an Orbit Identity ID
+
         const postData = {
-          userAddress: fetchedPostData.value[1],
+          userAddress,
-          fullOrbitAddress: `/orbitdb/${fetchedPostData.value[0]}/posts`,
+          fullOrbitAddress: `/orbitdb/${dbAddress}/posts`,
-          userName: fetchedPostData.value[2],
+          userName: fetchedPostData.value[1],
-          timestamp: fetchedPostData.value[3]*1000,
+          timestamp: fetchedPostData.value[2]*1000,
-          topicID: fetchedPostData.value[4]
+          topicID: fetchedPostData.value[3]
         };
         return(
           <Post

app/src/containers/ProfileInformation.js

@@ -10,20 +10,13 @@ import ContentLoader from 'react-content-loader';
 import UsernameFormContainer from './UsernameFormContainer';
 import { Table } from 'semantic-ui-react'
 
+//TODO: No array needed unless we add more calls
 const callsInfo = [
   {
     contract: 'Forum',
     method: 'getUserDateOfRegister'
-  }, {
+  }
-    contract: 'Forum',
+];
-    method: 'getOrbitDBId'
-  }, {
-    contract: 'Forum',
-    method: 'getOrbitTopicsDB'
-  }, {
-    contract: 'Forum',
-    method: 'getOrbitPostsDB'
-  }];
 
 class ProfileInformation extends Component {
   constructor(props) {
@@ -50,7 +43,7 @@ class ProfileInformation extends Component {
   }
 
   getBlockchainData() {
-    const { pageStatus, dateOfRegister, orbitDBId, topicsDBId, postsDBId } = this.state;
+    const { pageStatus, dateOfRegister, topicsDBId, postsDBId } = this.state;
     const { drizzleStatus, address, contracts } = this.props;
 
     if (pageStatus === 'initialized'
@@ -89,37 +82,26 @@ class ProfileInformation extends Component {
           });
         }
       }
-      if (orbitDBId === '') {
-        const transaction = contracts[callsInfo[1].contract][callsInfo[1].method][this.dataKey[1]];
-        if (transaction) {
-          this.setState({
-            orbitDBId: transaction.value
-          });
-        }
-      }
 
       if (topicsDBId === '') {
-        const transaction = contracts[callsInfo[2].contract][callsInfo[2].method][this.dataKey[2]];
+        //TODO: can be displayed using determineDBAddress
-        if (transaction) {
         this.setState({
-            topicsDBId: transaction.value
+          topicsDBId: "TODO"
         });
-        }
+
       }
 
       if (postsDBId === '') {
-        const transaction = contracts[callsInfo[3].contract][callsInfo[3].method][this.dataKey[3]];
+        //TODO: can be displayed using determineDBAddress
-        if (transaction) {
         this.setState({
-            postsDBId: transaction.value
+          postsDBId: "TODO"
         });
       }
     }
   }
-  }
 
   render() {
-    const { orbitDBId, topicsDBId, postsDBId, dateOfRegister } = this.state;
+    const { topicsDBId, postsDBId, dateOfRegister } = this.state;
     const { avatarUrl, username, address, numberOfTopics, numberOfPosts, self } = this.props;
 
     return (
@@ -142,16 +124,6 @@ class ProfileInformation extends Component {
               <Table.Cell><strong>Account address:</strong></Table.Cell>
               <Table.Cell>{address}</Table.Cell>
             </Table.Row>
-            <Table.Row>
-              <Table.Cell><strong>OrbitDB:</strong></Table.Cell>
-              <Table.Cell>{orbitDBId ? orbitDBId
-                : <ContentLoader height={5.8} width={300} speed={2}
-                    primaryColor="#b2e8e6" secondaryColor="#00b5ad"
-                  >
-                    <rect x="0" y="0" rx="3" ry="3" width="80" height="5.5" />
-                  </ContentLoader>
-              }</Table.Cell>
-            </Table.Row>
             <Table.Row>
               <Table.Cell><strong>TopicsDB:</strong></Table.Cell>
               <Table.Cell>{topicsDBId ? topicsDBId

app/src/containers/TopicContainer.js

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import NewPost from './NewPost';
 import FloatingButton from '../components/FloatingButton';
 
 import { setNavBarTitle } from '../redux/actions/userInterfaceActions.js';
+import { determineDBAddress } from '../utils/orbitUtils';
 
 const contract = 'Forum';
 const getTopicMethod = 'getTopic';
@@ -95,16 +96,16 @@ class TopicContainer extends Component {
     }
   }
 
-  async fetchTopicSubject(orbitDBAddress) {
+  async fetchTopicSubject(userAddress) {
     const { topicID } = this.state;
-    const { contracts, user, orbitDB, setNavBarTitle } = this.props;
+    const { user, orbitDB, setNavBarTitle } = this.props;
 
     let orbitData;
-    if (contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][this.dataKey].value[1]
+    if (userAddress === user.address) {
-        === user.address) {
       orbitData = orbitDB.topicsDB.get(topicID);
     } else {
-      const fullAddress = `/orbitdb/${orbitDBAddress}/topics`;
+      const dbAddress = await determineDBAddress('topics', userAddress);
+      const fullAddress = `/orbitdb/${dbAddress}/topics`;
       const store = await orbitDB.orbitdb.keyvalue(fullAddress);
       await store.load();
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class TopicContainer extends Component {
         (
           <div>
             <PostList
-              postIDs={contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][this.dataKey].value[4]}
+              postIDs={contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][this.dataKey].value[3]}
               focusOnPost={postFocus
                 ? postFocus
                 : null}
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ class TopicContainer extends Component {
             <NewPost
               topicID={topicID}
               subject={topicSubject}
-              postIndex={contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][this.dataKey].value[4].length}
+              postIndex={contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][this.dataKey].value[3].length}
               onCancelClick={() => { this.togglePostingState(); }}
               onPostCreated={() => { this.postCreated(); }}
             />

app/src/containers/TopicList.js

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { drizzle } from '../index';
 
 import Topic from './Topic';
 import PlaceholderContainer from './PlaceholderContainer';
+import { determineDBAddress } from '../utils/orbitUtils';
 
 const contract = 'Forum';
 const getTopicMethod = 'getTopic';
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ class TopicList extends Component {
     this.getBlockchainData = this.getBlockchainData.bind(this);
 
     this.state = {
-      dataKeys: []
+      dataKeys: [],
+      dbAddresses: []
     };
   }
 
@@ -29,19 +31,30 @@ class TopicList extends Component {
   }
 
   getBlockchainData() {
-    const { dataKeys } = this.state;
+    const { dataKeys, dbAddresses } = this.state;
-    const { drizzleStatus, topicIDs } = this.props;
+    const { drizzleStatus, topicIDs, contracts } = this.props;
 
     if (drizzleStatus.initialized) {
       const dataKeysShallowCopy = dataKeys.slice();
       let fetchingNewData = false;
 
-      topicIDs.forEach((topicID) => {
+      topicIDs.forEach(async (topicID) => {
         if (!dataKeys[topicID]) {
           dataKeysShallowCopy[topicID] = drizzle.contracts[contract].methods[getTopicMethod]
             .cacheCall(topicID);
           fetchingNewData = true;
         }
+        else if (!dbAddresses[topicID]){
+          const fetchedTopicData = contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][dataKeys[topicID]];
+          if(fetchedTopicData) {
+            const dbAddress = await determineDBAddress('topics', fetchedTopicData.value[0]);
+            const dbAddressesShallowCopy = dbAddresses.slice();
+            dbAddressesShallowCopy[topicID] = dbAddress;
+            this.setState({
+              dbAddresses: dbAddressesShallowCopy
+            });
+          }
+        }
       });
 
       if (fetchingNewData) {
@@ -53,7 +66,7 @@ class TopicList extends Component {
   }
 
   render() {
-    const { dataKeys } = this.state;
+    const { dataKeys, dbAddresses } = this.state;
     const { topicIDs, contracts } = this.props;
 
     const topics = topicIDs.map(topicID => {
@@ -61,13 +74,15 @@ class TopicList extends Component {
       if(dataKeys[topicID])
         fetchedTopicData = contracts[contract][getTopicMethod][dataKeys[topicID]];
 
-      if(fetchedTopicData) {
+      const dbAddress = dbAddresses[topicID];
+      if(fetchedTopicData && dbAddress) {
+        const userAddress = fetchedTopicData.value[0]; //Also works as an Orbit Identity ID
         const topicData = {
-          userAddress: fetchedTopicData.value[1],
+          userAddress,
-          fullOrbitAddress: `/orbitdb/${fetchedTopicData.value[0]}/topics`,
+          fullOrbitAddress: `/orbitdb/${dbAddress}/topics`,
-          userName: fetchedTopicData.value[2],
+          userName: fetchedTopicData.value[1],
-          timestamp: fetchedTopicData.value[3]*1000,
+          timestamp: fetchedTopicData.value[2]*1000,
-          numberOfReplies: fetchedTopicData.value[4].length
+          numberOfReplies: fetchedTopicData.value[3].length
         };
         return(
           <Topic

app/src/containers/UsernameFormContainer.js

@@ -79,33 +79,12 @@ class UsernameFormContainer extends Component {
       this.setState({
         signingUp: true
       });
-      const {
+      const { orbitdb,topicsDB,postsDB } = await createDatabases();
-        identityId,
-        identityPublicKey,
-        identityPrivateKey,
-        orbitdb,
-        orbitPublicKey,
-        orbitPrivateKey,
-        topicsDB,
-        postsDB
-      } = await createDatabases();
       dispatch(
         updateDatabases(DATABASES_CREATED, orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB),
       );
       this.stackId = drizzle.contracts[contract].methods[signUpMethod].cacheSend(
-        ...[
+        ...[usernameInput], { from: account }
-          usernameInput,
-          identityId,
-          identityPublicKey,
-          identityPrivateKey,
-          orbitdb.id,
-          orbitPublicKey,
-          orbitPrivateKey,
-          topicsDB,
-          postsDB
-        ], {
-          from: account
-        },
       );
     }
     this.setState({

app/src/redux/sagas/orbitSaga.js

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { all, call, put, select, take, takeEvery, takeLatest } from 'redux-saga/
 import isEqual from 'lodash.isequal';
 import { forumContract, getCurrentAccount } from './web3UtilsSaga';
 import {
-  createTempDatabases,
+  createDatabases,
   loadDatabases,
   orbitSagaOpen
 } from '../../utils/orbitUtils';
@@ -31,26 +31,12 @@ function* getOrbitDBInfo() {
         address: account
       });
       if (callResult) {
-        const txObj2 = yield call(forumContract.methods.getOrbitIdentityInfo,
+        yield call(loadDatabases);
-          ...[account]);
-        const orbitIdentityInfo = yield call(txObj2.call, {
-          address: account
-        });
-        const txObj3 = yield call(forumContract.methods.getOrbitDBInfo,
-          ...[account]);
-        const orbitDBInfo = yield call(txObj3.call, {
-          address: account
-        });
-        yield call(loadDatabases, orbitIdentityInfo[0], orbitIdentityInfo[1],
-          orbitIdentityInfo[2],
-          orbitDBInfo[0], orbitDBInfo[1], orbitDBInfo[2], orbitDBInfo[3],
-          orbitDBInfo[4]);
       } else {
         const orbit = yield select(state => state.orbit);
         if(!orbit.ready){
-          const { orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB } = yield call(createTempDatabases);
+          const { orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB } = yield call(createDatabases);
           yield put(updateDatabases(DATABASES_CREATED, orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB ));
-          console.debug("Created temporary databases.");
         }
       }
       latestAccount = account;

app/src/redux/sagas/transactionsSaga.js

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ const transactionsHistory = Object.create(null);
 function* initTransaction(action) {
   const dataKey = drizzle.contracts[action.transactionDescriptor.contract]
     .methods[action.transactionDescriptor.method].cacheSend(
-    ...(action.transactionDescriptor.params),
+    ...(action.transactionDescriptor.params)
   );
-
   transactionsHistory[dataKey] = action;
   transactionsHistory[dataKey].state = 'initialized';
 }

app/src/utils/EthereumIdentityProvider.js

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { web3 } from '../redux/sagas/web3UtilsSaga';
+
+class EthereumIdentityProvider {
+  constructor () {
+    this.web3 = web3;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the type of the identity provider
+  static get type () { return 'ethereum' }
+
+  // Returns the signer's id
+  async getId () {
+    return (await this.web3.eth.getAccounts())[0];
+  }
+
+  // Returns a signature of pubkeysignature
+  async signIdentity (data) {
+    const address = await this.getId();
+    return await this.web3.eth.personal.sign(data,address,"");  //Password not required for MetaMask
+  }
+
+  static async verifyIdentity (identity) {
+    // Verify that identity was signed by the ID
+    return web3.eth.accounts.recover(identity.publicKey + identity.signatures.id,
+      identity.signatures.publicKey) === identity.id;
+  }
+}
+
+export default EthereumIdentityProvider;

app/src/utils/orbitUtils.js

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import OrbitDB from 'orbit-db';
-import Keystore from 'orbit-db-keystore';
+import Identities from 'orbit-db-identity-provider';
-import path from 'path';
 import IPFS from 'ipfs';
 import store from '../redux/store';
 import { DATABASES_LOADED, IPFS_INITIALIZED, updateDatabases } from '../redux/actions/orbitActions';
 import ipfsOptions from '../config/ipfsOptions';
+import EthereumIdentityProvider from './EthereumIdentityProvider';
 
 function initIPFS() {
+  Identities.addIdentityProvider(EthereumIdentityProvider);
   const ipfs = new IPFS(ipfsOptions);
   ipfs.on('error', (error) => console.error(`IPFS error: ${error}`));
   ipfs.on('ready', async () => {
@@ -21,63 +22,23 @@ function initIPFS() {
   });
 }
 
-async function createTempDatabases() {
-  console.debug('Creating temporary databases...');
-  const ipfs = getIPFS();
-  const orbitdb = new OrbitDB(ipfs);
-  const topicsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('topics');
-  const postsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('posts');
-  return { orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB };
-}
-
 async function createDatabases() {
   console.debug('Creating databases...');
-  const ipfs = getIPFS();
+  const databases = await createDBs();
-  const orbitdb = new OrbitDB(ipfs);
+  console.debug('Databases created successfully.');
-  const topicsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('topics');
+  return databases;
-  const postsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('posts');
-
-  const orbitKey = orbitdb.keystore.getKey(orbitdb.id);
-
-  return {
-    identityId: 'Tempus',
-    identityPublicKey: 'edax',
-    identityPrivateKey: 'rerum',
-    orbitdb: orbitdb,
-    orbitPublicKey: orbitKey.getPublic('hex'),
-    orbitPrivateKey: orbitKey.getPrivate('hex'),
-    topicsDB: topicsDB.address.root,
-    postsDB: postsDB.address.root
-  };
 }
 
-async function loadDatabases(identityId, identityPublicKey, identityPrivateKey,
+async function loadDatabases() {
-                             orbitId, orbitPublicKey, orbitPrivateKey,
+  console.debug('Loading databases...');
-                             topicsDBId, postsDBId) {
+  const { orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB } = await createDBs();
-  const directory = './orbitdb';
-  const keystore = Keystore.create(path.join(directory, orbitId, '/keystore'));
-
-  keystore._storage.setItem(orbitId, JSON.stringify({
-    publicKey: orbitPublicKey,
-    privateKey: orbitPrivateKey
-  }));
-
-  const ipfs = getIPFS();
-  const orbitdb = new OrbitDB(ipfs, directory,
-    {
-      peerId: orbitId, keystore
-    });
-  const topicsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue(`/orbitdb/${topicsDBId}/topics`)
-    .catch((error) => console.error(`TopicsDB init error: ${error}`));
-  const postsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue(`/orbitdb/${postsDBId}/posts`)
-    .catch((error) => console.error(`PostsDB init error: ${error}`));
 
   await topicsDB.load().catch((error) => console.error(`TopicsDB loading error: ${error}`));
   await postsDB.load().catch((error) => console.error(`PostsDB loading error: ${error}`));
 
   //It is possible that we lack our own data and need to replicate them from somewhere else
   topicsDB.events.on('replicate', (address) => {
-    console.log(`TopicsDB Replicating (${address}).`);
+    console.log(`TopicsDB replicating (${address}).`);
   });
   topicsDB.events.on('replicated', (address) => {
     console.log(`TopicsDB replicated (${address}).`);
@@ -89,14 +50,26 @@ async function loadDatabases(identityId, identityPublicKey, identityPrivateKey,
     console.log(`PostsDB replicated (${address}).`);
   });
 
-  console.debug('Orbit databases loaded successfully.');
+  console.debug('Databases loaded successfully.');
   store.dispatch(updateDatabases(DATABASES_LOADED, orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB));
 }
 
+async function determineDBAddress(name, identityId){
+  return (await getOrbitDB().determineAddress(name, 'keyvalue', {
+    accessController: {
+      write: [identityId]}
+    }
+  )).root;
+}
+
 function getIPFS() {
   return store.getState().orbit.ipfs;
 }
 
+function getOrbitDB() {
+  return store.getState().orbit.orbitdb;
+}
+
 async function orbitSagaPut(db, key, value) {
   await db.put(key, value).catch((error) => console.error(`Orbit put error: ${error}`));
 }
@@ -114,4 +87,24 @@ async function orbitSagaOpen(orbitdb, address) {
   return store;
 }
 
-export { initIPFS, createTempDatabases, createDatabases, loadDatabases, orbitSagaPut, orbitSagaOpen };
+async function createDBs(){
+  const ipfs = getIPFS();
+  const identity = await Identities.createIdentity({type: 'ethereum'});
+  const orbitdb = await OrbitDB.createInstance(ipfs, {identity});
+  const topicsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('topics')
+    .catch((error) => console.error(`TopicsDB init error: ${error}`));
+  const postsDB = await orbitdb.keyvalue('posts')
+    .catch((error) => console.error(`PostsDB init error: ${error}`));
+
+  return { orbitdb, topicsDB, postsDB };
+}
+
+
+export {
+  initIPFS,
+  createDatabases,
+  loadDatabases,
+  orbitSagaPut,
+  orbitSagaOpen,
+  determineDBAddress
+};

contracts/Forum.sol

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ contract Forum {
     //----------------------------------------USER----------------------------------------
     struct User {
         string username;    // TODO: set an upper bound instead of arbitrary string
-        OrbitDB orbitdb;
         uint[] topicIDs;    // IDs of the topics the user created
         uint[] postIDs;    // IDs of the posts the user created
         uint timestamp;
@@ -18,15 +17,10 @@ contract Forum {
     event UserSignedUp(string username, address userAddress);
     event UsernameUpdated(string newName, string oldName,address userAddress);
 
-    function signUp(string memory username, string memory orbitIdentityId,
+    function signUp(string memory username) public returns (bool) {
-        string memory orbitIdentityPublicKey, string memory orbitIdentityPrivateKey,
-        string memory orbitId, string memory orbitPublicKey, string memory orbitPrivateKey,
-        string memory orbitTopicsDB, string memory orbitPostsDB) public returns (bool) {
         require (!hasUserSignedUp(msg.sender), "User has already signed up.");
         require(!isUserNameTaken(username), "Username is already taken.");
         users[msg.sender] = User(username,
-            OrbitDB(orbitIdentityId, orbitIdentityPublicKey, orbitIdentityPrivateKey,
-            orbitId, orbitPublicKey, orbitPrivateKey, orbitTopicsDB, orbitPostsDB),
             new uint[](0), new uint[](0), block.timestamp, true);
         userAddresses[username] = msg.sender;
         emit UserSignedUp(username, msg.sender);
@@ -78,82 +72,6 @@ contract Forum {
         return users[userAddress].timestamp;
     }
 
-    //----------------------------------------OrbitDB----------------------------------------
-    // TODO: set upper bounds to strings (instead of being of arbitrary length)
-    // TODO: not sure if topicsDB//postsDB are actually needed
-    struct OrbitDB {
-        string identityId;
-        string identityPublicKey;
-        string identityPrivateKey;
-        string orbitId;
-        string orbitPublicKey;
-        string orbitPrivateKey;
-        string topicsDB;
-        string postsDB;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitIdentityId(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityId;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitIdentityPublicKey(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityPublicKey;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitIdentityPrivateKey(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityPrivateKey;
-    }
-
-
-    function getOrbitDBId(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitId;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitPublicKey(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitPublicKey;
-    }
-
-    //TODO: encrypt using Metamask in the future
-    function getOrbitPrivateKey(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitPrivateKey;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitTopicsDB(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.topicsDB;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitPostsDB(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return users[userAddress].orbitdb.postsDB;
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitIdentityInfo(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory, string memory, string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return (
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityId,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityPublicKey,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.identityPrivateKey
-        );
-    }
-
-    function getOrbitDBInfo(address userAddress) public view returns (string memory, string memory,
-        string memory, string memory, string memory) {
-        require (hasUserSignedUp(userAddress), "User hasn't signed up.");
-        return (
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitId,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitPublicKey,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.orbitPrivateKey,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.topicsDB,
-        users[userAddress].orbitdb.postsDB
-        );
-    }
 
     //----------------------------------------POSTING----------------------------------------
     struct Topic {
@@ -211,10 +129,10 @@ contract Forum {
         return numTopics;
     }
 
-    function getTopic(uint topicID) public view returns (string memory, address, string memory, uint, uint[] memory) {
+    function getTopic(uint topicID) public view returns (address, string memory, uint, uint[] memory) {
         //require(hasUserSignedUp(msg.sender)); needed?
         require(topicID<numTopics);
-        return (getOrbitTopicsDB(topics[topicID].author),
+        return (
         topics[topicID].author,
         users[topics[topicID].author].username,
         topics[topicID].timestamp,
@@ -227,10 +145,10 @@ contract Forum {
         return topics[topicID].postIDs;
     }
 
-    function getPost(uint postID) public view returns (string memory, address, string memory, uint, uint) {
+    function getPost(uint postID) public view returns (address, string memory, uint, uint) {
         //require(hasUserSignedUp(msg.sender)); needed?
         require(postID<numPosts);
-        return (getOrbitPostsDB(posts[postID].author),
+        return (
         posts[postID].author,
         users[posts[postID].author].username,
         posts[postID].timestamp,